ἐπιορκέω

The Greek word ἐπιορκέω (epiorkeō), Strong's number G1964, is a verb that primarily means "to break an oath." This action involves a direct refusal or denial of a solemn vow or promise made under a divine or other authority. In the context of ancient Greek and biblical languages, taking an oath was a formal, often ritualistic act that invoked divine retribution if the oath was broken. Thus, breaking an oath (ἐπιορκέω) carries connotations of deliberate, intentional transgression and liability to severe consequences. The single occurrence of this word in the Bible underscores the gravity of the offense. Given its semantic domain of Speech and Communication, ἐπιορκέω is closely tied to issues of trust, loyalty, and honesty in interpersonal and religious contexts. The act of breaking an oath likely signifies a breach of faith and reliability, which would have been viewed as a serious offense in both everyday life and spiritual practices in the ancient world.