אֹיֵב
o.yev
enemy
Lexicon Entry
Lexicon data from STEPBible TIPNR, Tyndale House, Cambridge. Licensed under CC BY 4.0.
What Original Readers Understood
Supported# The Hebrew Word for Enemy (H0341) The Hebrew word *oyev* appears 283 times throughout the Bible, making it a frequently used term for expressing enmity and opposition. Its straightforward definition as "enemy" indicates it denotes someone in a state of hostility or conflict with another person or group. The sheer frequency of its occurrence—nearly three hundred instances across biblical texts—suggests that the concept of enmity was central to biblical narratives and theological discourse, whether describing personal rivalries, tribal conflicts, or larger military confrontations. The prevalence of this term across such a large corpus of biblical material indicates that the ancient Hebrew speakers and writers dealt extensively with themes of conflict, opposition, and adversarial relationships. The consistent use of a single, direct word rather than multiple synonyms suggests the biblical authors treated "enemy" as a conceptually unified category, even though the specific contexts ranged from personal vendettas to warfare to spiritual opposition. This vocabulary choice reflects a worldview in which human relationships were understood partly through the lens of enmity and alliance, making the word foundational to understanding how biblical texts portrayed social dynamics and human conflict.
Source data & methodology
Occurrences in Scripture
283 total occurrences across the text — showing 50
Then they returned, every man of Judah and Jerusalem, with Jehoshaphat in front of them, to go again to Jerusalem with joy; for Yahweh had made them to rejoice over their enemies.
2 Chronicles 20:29The fear of God was on all the kingdoms of the countries, when they heard that Yahweh fought against the enemies of Israel.
2 Chronicles 25:8But if you will go, take action, and be strong for the battle. God will overthrow you before the enemy; for God has power to help, and to overthrow.”
2 Chronicles 26:13Under their hand was an army, three hundred seven thousand five hundred, who made war with mighty power, to help the king against the enemy.
Ezra 8:22For I was ashamed to ask of the king a band of soldiers and horsemen to help us against the enemy on the way, because we had spoken to the king, saying, “The hand of our God is on all those who seek him, for good; but his power and his wrath is against all those who forsake him.”
Ezra 8:31Then we departed from the river Ahava on the twelfth day of the first month, to go to Jerusalem. The hand of our God was on us, and he delivered us from the hand of the enemy and the bandit by the way.
Nehemiah 4:15When our enemies heard that it was known to us, and God had brought their counsel to nothing, all of us returned to the wall, everyone to his work.
Nehemiah 5:9Also I said, “The thing that you do is not good. Shouldn’t you walk in the fear of our God, because of the reproach of the nations our enemies?
Nehemiah 6:1Now when it was reported to Sanballat, Tobiah, and to Geshem the Arabian, and to the rest of our enemies, that I had built the wall, and that there was no breach left in it (though even to that time I had not set up the doors in the gates)
Nehemiah 6:16When all our enemies heard of it, all the nations that were around us were afraid, and they lost their confidence; for they perceived that this work was done by our God.
Nehemiah 9:28But after they had rest, they did evil again before you; therefore you left them in the hands of their enemies, so that they had the dominion over them; yet when they returned, and cried to you, you heard from heaven; and many times you delivered them according to your mercies,
Esther 7:6Esther said, “An adversary and an enemy, even this wicked Haman!” Then Haman was afraid before the king and the queen.
Esther 8:13A copy of the letter, that the decree should be given out in every province, was published to all the peoples, that the Jews should be ready for that day to avenge themselves on their enemies.
Esther 9:1Now in the twelfth month, which is the month Adar, on the thirteenth day of the month, when the king’s commandment and his decree came near to be put in execution, on the day that the enemies of the Jews hoped to conquer them, (but it was turned out the opposite happened, that the Jews conquered those who hated them),
Esther 9:5The Jews struck all their enemies with the stroke of the sword, and with slaughter and destruction, and did what they wanted to those who hated them.
Esther 9:16The other Jews who were in the king’s provinces gathered themselves together, defended their lives, had rest from their enemies, and killed seventy-five thousand of those who hated them; but they didn’t lay their hand on the plunder.
Esther 9:22as the days in which the Jews had rest from their enemies, and the month which was turned to them from sorrow to gladness, and from mourning into a good day; that they should make them days of feasting and gladness, and of sending presents of food to one another, and gifts to the needy.
Job 13:24Why do you hide your face, and consider me your enemy?
Job 27:7“Let my enemy be as the wicked. Let him who rises up against me be as the unrighteous.
Job 33:10Behold, he finds occasions against me. He counts me for his enemy.
Psalms 68:21But God will strike through the head of his enemies, the hairy scalp of such a one as still continues in his guiltiness.
Psalms 68:23that you may crush them, dipping your foot in blood, that the tongues of your dogs may have their portion from your enemies.”
Psalms 3:7Arise, Yahweh! Save me, my God! For you have struck all of my enemies on the cheek bone. You have broken the teeth of the wicked.
Psalms 6:10May all my enemies be ashamed and dismayed. They shall turn back, they shall be disgraced suddenly.
Psalms 7:5let the enemy pursue my soul, and overtake it; yes, let him tread my life down to the earth, and lay my glory in the dust.
Psalms 8:2From the lips of babes and infants you have established strength, because of your adversaries, that you might silence the enemy and the avenger.
Psalms 9:3When my enemies turn back, they stumble and perish in your presence.
Psalms 9:6The enemy is overtaken by endless ruin. The very memory of the cities which you have overthrown has perished.
Psalms 13:2How long shall I take counsel in my soul, having sorrow in my heart every day? How long shall my enemy triumph over me?
Psalms 13:4lest my enemy say, “I have prevailed against him;” lest my adversaries rejoice when I fall.
Psalms 17:9from the wicked who oppress me, my deadly enemies, who surround me.
Psalms 18:0to the/ choirmaster of/ the servant of Yahweh of/ David who he spoke to/ Yahweh obj. the words of the/ song the/ this on/ the day when he delivered Yahweh obj./ him from/ the hand of all enemies/ his and/ from/ the hand of Saul
Psalms 18:3I call on Yahweh, who is worthy to be praised; and I am saved from my enemies.
Psalms 18:17He delivered me from my strong enemy, from those who hated me; for they were too mighty for me.
Psalms 18:37I will pursue my enemies, and overtake them. I won’t turn away until they are consumed.
Psalms 18:40You have also made my enemies turn their backs to me, that I might cut off those who hate me.
Psalms 18:48He rescues me from my enemies. Yes, you lift me up above those who rise up against me. You deliver me from the violent man.
Psalms 21:8Your hand will find out all of your enemies. Your right hand will find out those who hate you.
Psalms 25:2My God, I have trusted in you. Don’t let me be shamed. Don’t let my enemies triumph over me.
Psalms 25:19Consider my enemies, for they are many. They hate me with cruel hatred.
Psalms 27:2When evildoers came at me to eat up my flesh, even my adversaries and my foes, they stumbled and fell.
Psalms 27:6Now my head will be lifted up above my enemies around me. I will offer sacrifices of joy in his tent. I will sing, yes, I will sing praises to Yahweh.
Psalms 30:1I will extol you, Yahweh, for you have raised me up, and have not made my foes to rejoice over me.
Psalms 31:8You have not shut me up into the hand of the enemy. You have set my feet in a large place.
Psalms 31:15My times are in your hand. Deliver me from the hand of my enemies, and from those who persecute me.
Psalms 35:19Don’t let those who are my enemies wrongfully rejoice over me; neither let those who hate me without a cause wink their eyes.
Psalms 106:42Their enemies also oppressed them. They were brought into subjection under their hand.
Psalms 37:20But the wicked shall perish. The enemies of Yahweh shall be like the beauty of the fields. They will vanish— vanish like smoke.
Psalms 38:19But my enemies are vigorous and many. Those who hate me without reason are numerous.
Psalms 41:2Yahweh will preserve him, and keep him alive. He shall be blessed on the earth, and he will not surrender him to the will of his enemies.