אֵם
em
mother
Lexicon Entry
Lexicon data from STEPBible TIPNR, Tyndale House, Cambridge. Licensed under CC BY 4.0.
What Original Readers Understood
SupportedThe Hebrew word אֵם (em) has a clear and direct meaning as "mother." This definition is supported by its placement in the semantic domain of Kinship & Family, indicating its primary association with familial relationships. The frequency of its occurrence in the Bible, with 220 instances, underscores its importance in the Hebrew language and the significance of maternal figures in the cultural and literary context of the time. In exploring the range of usage, we can observe that this word likely encompasses various connotations, such as biological or social maternity. Its association with the broader semantic domain suggests that it can also connote a sense of nurture and care that goes beyond biological relationships, encompassing potential adoptive or symbolic roles. Without further context, we can only speculate on the nuances of how this word is used, but its consistency in meaning as "mother" is clear. Given its frequency and definition, the word אֵם (em) likely holds a central place in the Hebrew language's depiction of family life and relationships. Its significance to the general audience lies in understanding the cultural and linguistic importance of maternal figures and their role in shaping familial dynamics. This insight can contribute to a deeper appreciation for the cultural context in which ancient Hebrew texts were written and the values that underpinned the communities that used these texts.
Source data & methodology
Occurrences in Scripture
220 total occurrences across the text — showing 50
Jehoshaphat reigned over Judah. He was thirty-five years old when he began to reign; and he reigned twenty-five years in Jerusalem. His mother’s name was Azubah the daughter of Shilhi.
2 Chronicles 22:2Ahaziah was forty-two years old when he began to reign, and he reigned one year in Jerusalem. His mother’s name was Athaliah the daughter of Omri.
2 Chronicles 22:3He also walked in the ways of Ahab’s house, because his mother was his counselor in acting wickedly.
2 Chronicles 22:10Now when Athaliah the mother of Ahaziah saw that her son was dead, she arose and destroyed all the royal offspring of the house of Judah.
2 Chronicles 24:1Joash was seven years old when he began to reign, and he reigned forty years in Jerusalem. His mother’s name was Zibiah, of Beersheba.
2 Chronicles 25:1Amaziah was twenty-five years old when he began to reign, and he reigned twenty-nine years in Jerusalem. His mother’s name was Jehoaddan, of Jerusalem.
2 Chronicles 26:3Uzziah was sixteen years old when he began to reign; and he reigned fifty-two years in Jerusalem. His mother’s name was Jechiliah, of Jerusalem.
2 Chronicles 27:1Jotham was twenty-five years old when he began to reign, and he reigned sixteen years in Jerusalem. His mother’s name was Jerushah the daughter of Zadok.
2 Chronicles 29:1Hezekiah began to reign when he was twenty-five years old, and he reigned twenty-nine years in Jerusalem. His mother’s name was Abijah, the daughter of Zechariah.
Esther 2:7He brought up Hadassah, that is, Esther, his uncle’s daughter; for she had neither father nor mother. The maiden was fair and beautiful; and when her father and mother were dead, Mordecai took her for his own daughter.
Esther 2:7He brought up Hadassah, that is, Esther, his uncle’s daughter; for she had neither father nor mother. The maiden was fair and beautiful; and when her father and mother were dead, Mordecai took her for his own daughter.
Job 1:21He said, “Naked I came out of my mother’s womb, and naked will I return there. Yahweh gave, and Yahweh has taken away. Blessed be Yahweh’s name.”
Job 17:14if I have said to corruption, ‘You are my father;’ to the worm, ‘My mother,’ and ‘My sister,’
Job 31:18(no, from my youth he grew up with me as with a father, I have guided her from my mother’s womb);
Psalms 22:9But you brought me out of the womb. You made me trust while at my mother’s breasts.
Psalms 22:10I was thrown on you from my mother’s womb. You are my God since my mother bore me.
Psalms 27:10When my father and my mother forsake me, then Yahweh will take me up.
Psalms 35:14I behaved myself as though it had been my friend or my brother. I bowed down mourning, as one who mourns his mother.
Psalms 50:20You sit and speak against your brother. You slander your own mother’s son.
Psalms 51:5Behold, I was born in iniquity. My mother conceived me in sin.
Psalms 69:8I have become a stranger to my brothers, an alien to my mother’s children.
Psalms 71:6I have relied on you from the womb. You are he who took me out of my mother’s womb. I will always praise you.
Psalms 109:14Let the iniquity of his fathers be remembered by Yahweh. Don’t let the sin of his mother be blotted out.
Psalms 113:9He settles the barren woman in her home as a joyful mother of children. Praise Yah!
Psalms 131:2Surely I have stilled and quieted my soul, like a weaned child with his mother, like a weaned child is my soul within me.
Psalms 139:13For you formed my inmost being. You knit me together in my mother’s womb.
Proverbs 1:8My son, listen to your father’s instruction, and don’t forsake your mother’s teaching:
Proverbs 4:3For I was a son to my father, tender and an only child in the sight of my mother.
Proverbs 6:20My son, keep your father’s commandment, and don’t forsake your mother’s teaching.
Proverbs 10:1The proverbs of Solomon. A wise son makes a glad father; but a foolish son brings grief to his mother.
Proverbs 15:20A wise son makes a father glad, but a foolish man despises his mother.
Proverbs 19:26He who robs his father and drives away his mother, is a son who causes shame and brings reproach.
Proverbs 20:20Whoever curses his father or his mother, his lamp shall be put out in blackness of darkness.
Proverbs 23:22Listen to your father who gave you life, and don’t despise your mother when she is old.
Proverbs 23:25Let your father and your mother be glad! Let her who bore you rejoice!
Proverbs 28:24Whoever robs his father or his mother and says, “It’s not wrong,” is a partner with a destroyer.
Proverbs 29:15The rod of correction gives wisdom, but a child left to himself causes shame to his mother.
Proverbs 30:11There is a generation that curses their father, and doesn’t bless their mother.
Proverbs 30:17“The eye that mocks at his father, and scorns obedience to his mother: the ravens of the valley shall pick it out, the young eagles shall eat it.
Proverbs 31:1The words of king Lemuel; the revelation which his mother taught him.
Ecclesiastes 5:15As he came out of his mother’s womb, naked shall he go again as he came, and shall take nothing for his labor, which he may carry away in his hand.
Song of Solomon 1:6Don’t stare at me because I am dark, because the sun has scorched me. My mother’s sons were angry with me. They made me keeper of the vineyards. I haven’t kept my own vineyard.
Song of Solomon 3:4I had scarcely passed from them, when I found him whom my soul loves. I held him, and would not let him go, until I had brought him into my mother’s house, into the room of her who conceived me.
Song of Solomon 3:11Go out, you daughters of Zion, and see king Solomon, with the crown with which his mother has crowned him, in the day of his weddings, in the day of the gladness of his heart.
Song of Solomon 6:9My dove, my perfect one, is unique. She is her mother’s only daughter. She is the favorite one of her who bore her. The daughters saw her, and called her blessed. The queens and the concubines saw her, and they praised her.
Song of Solomon 8:1Oh that you were like my brother, who nursed from the breasts of my mother! If I found you outside, I would kiss you; yes, and no one would despise me.
Song of Solomon 8:2I would lead you, bringing you into the house of my mother, who would instruct me. I would have you drink spiced wine, of the juice of my pomegranate.
Song of Solomon 8:5Who is this who comes up from the wilderness, leaning on her beloved? Under the apple tree I aroused you. There your mother conceived you. There she was in labor and bore you.
Isaiah 8:4For before the child knows how to say, ‘My father,’ and, ‘My mother,’ the riches of Damascus and the plunder of Samaria will be carried away by the king of Assyria.”
Isaiah 49:1Listen, islands, to me. Listen, you peoples, from afar: Yahweh has called me from the womb; from the inside of my mother, he has mentioned my name.