הָפַךְ
ha.phakh
to overturn
Lexicon Entry
Lexicon data from STEPBible TIPNR, Tyndale House, Cambridge. Licensed under CC BY 4.0.
What Original Readers Understood
Supported# The Hebrew Word for Overturning: הָפַךְ (haphakh) The Hebrew verb הָפַךְ (haphakh) carries the fundamental meaning of "to overturn" or "to turn over," describing a physical action of reversing or inverting something from its original position. This straightforward physical sense forms the semantic foundation for the word's usage across the Hebrew Bible's 94 recorded occurrences. The verb captures the concrete action of flipping, rotating, or displacing objects—whether literal reversals of material things or metaphorical applications to states and circumstances. The frequency of this word's appearance (94 times) suggests it held considerable importance in biblical Hebrew vocabulary for expressing transformation through reversal. Given this substantial usage, הָפַךְ likely served as a primary term when biblical authors needed to communicate not merely change, but specifically the inversion or complete alteration of a situation or condition. The word's persistence across biblical literature indicates it was a standard and reliable way to express the concept of turning something upside down—whether describing actual physical displacement or the reversal of circumstances, conditions, or fortunes in more abstract contexts. Without access to specific contextual examples from the lexicon data provided, the full range of metaphorical and theological applications remains bounded by what the definition suggests: wherever reversal or overturning serves as an appropriate image, this verb would
Source data & methodology
Occurrences in Scripture
94 total occurrences across the text — showing 50
because they didn’t meet the children of Israel with bread and with water, but hired Balaam against them, to curse them; however our God turned the curse into a blessing.
Esther 9:1Now in the twelfth month, which is the month Adar, on the thirteenth day of the month, when the king’s commandment and his decree came near to be put in execution, on the day that the enemies of the Jews hoped to conquer them, (but it was turned out the opposite happened, that the Jews conquered those who hated them),
Esther 9:22as the days in which the Jews had rest from their enemies, and the month which was turned to them from sorrow to gladness, and from mourning into a good day; that they should make them days of feasting and gladness, and of sending presents of food to one another, and gifts to the needy.
Job 9:5He removes the mountains, and they don’t know it, when he overturns them in his anger.
Job 12:15Behold, he withholds the waters, and they dry up. Again, he sends them out, and they overturn the earth.
Job 19:19All my familiar friends abhor me. They whom I loved have turned against me.
Job 20:14yet his food in his bowels is turned. It is cobra venom within him.
Job 28:5As for the earth, out of it comes bread; Underneath it is turned up as it were by fire.
Job 28:9He puts his hand on the flinty rock, and he overturns the mountains by the roots.
Job 30:15Terrors have turned on me. They chase my honor as the wind. My welfare has passed away as a cloud.
Job 30:21You have turned to be cruel to me. With the might of your hand you persecute me.
Job 34:25Therefore he takes knowledge of their works. He overturns them in the night, so that they are destroyed.
Job 37:12It is turned around by his guidance, that they may do whatever he commands them on the surface of the habitable world,
Job 38:14It is changed as clay under the seal, and presented as a garment.
Job 41:28The arrow can’t make him flee. Sling stones are like chaff to him.
Psalms 78:57but turned back, and dealt treacherously like their fathers. They were twisted like a deceitful bow.
Psalms 30:11You have turned my mourning into dancing for me. You have removed my sackcloth, and clothed me with gladness,
Psalms 32:4For day and night your hand was heavy on me. My strength was sapped in the heat of summer.
Psalms 41:3Yahweh will sustain him on his sickbed, and restore him from his bed of illness.
Psalms 66:6He turned the sea into dry land. They went through the river on foot. There, we rejoiced in him.
Psalms 78:9The children of Ephraim, being armed and carrying bows, turned back in the day of battle.
Psalms 78:44he turned their rivers into blood, and their streams, so that they could not drink.
Psalms 105:25He turned their heart to hate his people, to conspire against his servants.
Psalms 105:29He turned their waters into blood, and killed their fish.
Psalms 114:8who turned the rock into a pool of water, the flint into a spring of waters.
Proverbs 12:7The wicked are overthrown, and are no more, but the house of the righteous shall stand.
Proverbs 17:20One who has a perverse heart doesn’t find prosperity, and one who has a deceitful tongue falls into trouble.
Isaiah 34:9Its streams will be turned into pitch, its dust into sulfur, And its land will become burning pitch.
Isaiah 60:5Then you shall see and be radiant, and your heart will thrill and be enlarged; because the abundance of the sea will be turned to you. The wealth of the nations will come to you.
Isaiah 63:10But they rebelled and grieved his Holy Spirit. Therefore he turned and became their enemy, and he himself fought against them.
Jeremiah 2:21Yet I had planted you a noble vine, a pure and faithful seed. How then have you turned into the degenerate branches of a foreign vine to me?
Jeremiah 13:23Can the Ethiopian change his skin, or the leopard his spots? Then may you also do good, who are accustomed to do evil.
Jeremiah 20:16Let that man be as the cities which Yahweh overthrew, and didn’t repent. Let him hear a cry in the morning, and shouting at noontime;
Jeremiah 23:36You will mention the message from Yahweh no more: for every man’s own word has become his message; for you have perverted the words of the living God, of Yahweh of Armies, our God.
Jeremiah 30:6Ask now, and see whether a man travails with child. Why do I see every man with his hands on his waist, as a woman in travail, and all faces are turned pale?
Jeremiah 31:13Then the virgin will rejoice in the dance; the young men and the old together; for I will turn their mourning into joy, and will comfort them, and make them rejoice from their sorrow.
Lamentations 1:20“Look, Yahweh; for I am in distress. My heart is troubled. My heart turns over within me, for I have grievously rebelled. Abroad, the sword bereaves. At home, it is like death.
Lamentations 3:3Surely he turns his hand against me again and again all day long.
Lamentations 4:6For the iniquity of the daughter of my people is greater than the sin of Sodom, which was overthrown as in a moment. No hands were laid on her.
Lamentations 5:2Our inheritance has been turned over to strangers, our houses to aliens.
Lamentations 5:15The joy of our heart has ceased. Our dance is turned into mourning.
Ezekiel 4:8Behold, I put ropes on you, and you shall not turn yourself from one side to the other, until you have accomplished the days of your siege.
Daniel 10:8So I was left alone, and saw this great vision. No strength remained in me; for my face grew deathly pale, and I retained no strength.
Daniel 10:16Behold, one in the likeness of the sons of men touched my lips. Then I opened my mouth, and spoke and said to him who stood before me, “My lord, by reason of the vision my sorrows have overtaken me, and I retain no strength.
Hosea 7:8Ephraim, he mixes himself among the nations. Ephraim is a pancake not turned over.
Hosea 11:8“How can I give you up, Ephraim? How can I hand you over, Israel? How can I make you like Admah? How can I make you like Zeboiim? My heart is turned within me, my compassion is aroused.
Joel 2:31The sun will be turned into darkness, and the moon into blood, before the great and terrible day of Yahweh comes.
Amos 4:11“I have overthrown some of you, as when God overthrew Sodom and Gomorrah, and you were like a burning stick plucked out of the fire; yet you haven’t returned to me,” says Yahweh.
Amos 5:7You who turn justice to wormwood, and cast down righteousness to the earth:
Amos 5:8seek him who made the Pleiades and Orion, and turns the shadow of death into the morning, and makes the day dark with night; who calls for the waters of the sea, and pours them out on the surface of the earth, Yahweh is his name,