מִלְחָמָה
mil.cha.mah
battle
Lexicon Entry
Lexicon data from STEPBible TIPNR, Tyndale House, Cambridge. Licensed under CC BY 4.0.
What Original Readers Understood
Supported# Mìlchamah: Battle and Warfare in Biblical Hebrew The Hebrew word *milchamah* (מִלְחָמָה) is the standard biblical term for battle or warfare, appearing 320 times throughout the Hebrew scriptures. This frequency indicates that military conflict was a pervasive concept in the texts—whether as historical narrative, theological consequence, or metaphorical language. The word's prevalence reflects the central role warfare played in ancient Near Eastern society and in the biblical authors' understanding of both human events and divine action. As a concrete noun denoting battle, *milchamah* refers to organized armed conflict between opposing forces. Its abundant occurrence across the biblical corpus suggests the word maintained consistent usage across different time periods, genres, and authors represented in the Hebrew Bible. The sheer number of instances indicates that discussions of warfare—whether describing military campaigns, divine judgments, or strategic preparations—formed a significant dimension of biblical discourse and theological reflection.
Source data & methodology
Occurrences in Scripture
320 total occurrences across the text — showing 50
After this, the children of Moab, the children of Ammon, and with them some of the Ammonites, came against Jehoshaphat to battle.
2 Chronicles 20:15and he said, “Listen, all Judah, and you inhabitants of Jerusalem, and you, king Jehoshaphat. Yahweh says to you, ‘Don’t be afraid, and don’t be dismayed because of this great multitude; for the battle is not yours, but God’s.
2 Chronicles 22:5He also followed their counsel, and went with Jehoram the son of Ahab king of Israel to war against Hazael king of Syria at Ramoth Gilead, and the Syrians wounded Joram.
2 Chronicles 25:8But if you will go, take action, and be strong for the battle. God will overthrow you before the enemy; for God has power to help, and to overthrow.”
2 Chronicles 25:13But the men of the army whom Amaziah sent back, that they should not go with him to battle, fell on the cities of Judah, from Samaria even to Beth Horon, and struck of them three thousand, and took much plunder.
2 Chronicles 26:11Moreover Uzziah had an army of fighting men, who went out to war by bands, according to the number of their reckoning made by Jeiel the scribe and Maaseiah the officer, under the hand of Hananiah, one of the king’s captains.
2 Chronicles 26:13Under their hand was an army, three hundred seven thousand five hundred, who made war with mighty power, to help the king against the enemy.
2 Chronicles 27:7Now the rest of the acts of Jotham, and all his wars, and his ways, behold, they are written in the book of the kings of Israel and Judah.
2 Chronicles 32:2When Hezekiah saw that Sennacherib had come, and that he was planning to fight against Jerusalem,
2 Chronicles 32:6He set captains of war over the people, and gathered them together to him in the wide place at the gate of the city, and spoke encouragingly to them, saying,
2 Chronicles 32:8An arm of flesh is with him, but Yahweh our God is with us to help us and to fight our battles.” The people rested themselves on the words of Hezekiah king of Judah.
2 Chronicles 35:21But he sent ambassadors to him, saying, “What have I to do with you, you king of Judah? I come not against you today, but against the house with which I have war. God has commanded me to make haste. Beware that it is God who is with me, that he not destroy you.”
Job 5:20In famine he will redeem you from death; in war, from the power of the sword.
Job 38:23which I have reserved against the time of trouble, against the day of battle and war?
Job 39:25As often as the trumpet sounds he snorts, ‘Aha!’ He smells the battle afar off, the thunder of the captains, and the shouting.
Job 41:8Lay your hand on him. Remember the battle, and do so no more.
Psalms 18:34He teaches my hands to war, so that my arms bend a bow of bronze.
Psalms 18:39For you have armed me with strength to the battle. You have subdued under me those who rose up against me.
Psalms 24:8Who is the King of glory? Yahweh strong and mighty, Yahweh mighty in battle.
Psalms 27:3Though an army should encamp against me, my heart shall not fear. Though war should rise against me, even then I will be confident.
Psalms 46:9He makes wars cease to the end of the earth. He breaks the bow, and shatters the spear. He burns the chariots in the fire.
Psalms 76:3There he broke the flaming arrows of the bow, the shield, and the sword, and the weapons of war.
Psalms 89:43Yes, you turn back the edge of his sword, and haven’t supported him in battle.
Psalms 120:7I am for peace, but when I speak, they are for war.
Psalms 140:2those who devise mischief in their hearts. They continually gather themselves together for war.
Psalms 144:1Blessed be Yahweh, my rock, who teaches my hands to war, and my fingers to battle:
Proverbs 20:18Plans are established by advice; by wise guidance you wage war!
Proverbs 21:31The horse is prepared for the day of battle; but victory is with Yahweh.
Proverbs 24:6for by wise guidance you wage your war; and victory is in many advisors.
Ecclesiastes 3:8a time to love, and a time to hate; a time for war, and a time for peace.
Ecclesiastes 8:8There is no man who has power over the spirit to contain the spirit; neither does he have power over the day of death. There is no discharge in war; neither shall wickedness deliver those who practice it.
Ecclesiastes 9:11I returned and saw under the sun that the race is not to the swift, nor the battle to the strong, neither yet bread to the wise, nor yet riches to men of understanding, nor yet favor to men of skill; but time and chance happen to them all.
Song of Solomon 3:8They all handle the sword, and are expert in war. Every man has his sword on his thigh, because of fear in the night.
Isaiah 2:4He will judge between the nations, and will decide concerning many peoples. They shall beat their swords into plowshares, and their spears into pruning hooks. Nation shall not lift up sword against nation, neither shall they learn war any more.
Isaiah 3:2the mighty man, the man of war, the judge, the prophet, the diviner, the elder,
Isaiah 3:25Your men shall fall by the sword, and your mighty in the war.
Isaiah 7:1In the days of Ahaz the son of Jotham, the son of Uzziah, king of Judah, Rezin the king of Syria, and Pekah the son of Remaliah, king of Israel, went up to Jerusalem to war against it, but could not prevail against it.
Isaiah 13:4The noise of a multitude is in the mountains, as of a great people; the noise of an uproar of the kingdoms of the nations gathered together! Yahweh of Armies is mustering the army for the battle.
Numbers 32:27but your servants will pass over, every man who is armed for war, before Yahweh to battle, as my lord says.”
Isaiah 21:15For they fled away from the swords, from the drawn sword, from the bent bow, and from the heat of battle.
Isaiah 22:2You that are full of shouting, a tumultuous city, a joyous town; your slain are not slain with the sword, neither are they dead in battle.
Isaiah 27:4Wrath is not in me, but if I should find briers and thorns, I would do battle! I would march on them and I would burn them together.
Isaiah 28:6and a spirit of justice to him who sits in judgment, and strength to those who turn back the battle at the gate.
Isaiah 30:32Every stroke of the rod of punishment, which Yahweh will lay on him, will be with the sound of tambourines and harps. He will fight with them in battles, brandishing weapons.
Isaiah 36:5I say that your counsel and strength for the war are only vain words. Now in whom do you trust, that you have rebelled against me?
Isaiah 41:12You will seek them, and won’t find them, even those who contend with you. Those who war against you will be as nothing, as a non-existent thing.
Isaiah 42:13Yahweh will go out like a mighty man. He will stir up zeal like a man of war. He will raise a war cry. Yes, he will shout aloud. He will triumph over his enemies.
Isaiah 42:25Therefore he poured the fierceness of his anger on him, and the strength of battle. It set him on fire all around, but he didn’t know. It burned him, but he didn’t take it to heart.”
Jeremiah 18:21Therefore deliver up their children to the famine, and give them over to the power of the sword. Let their wives become childless and widows. Let their men be killed and their young men struck by the sword in battle.
Jeremiah 4:19My anguish, my anguish! I am pained at my very heart! My heart trembles within me. I can’t hold my peace, because you have heard, O my soul, the sound of the trumpet, the alarm of war.