Biblica Analytica
H8199 Hebrew

שָׁפַט

sha.phat

to judge

Lexicon Entry

Definition
to judge
Transliteration
sha.phat
Strong's Number
H8199
Occurrences
202
Semantic Domain
Law & Justice

Lexicon data from STEPBible TIPNR, Tyndale House, Cambridge. Licensed under CC BY 4.0.

What Original Readers Understood

Supported

# שָׁפַט (Shaphat): The Hebrew Concept of Judging The Hebrew verb שָׁפַט (shaphat) appears 202 times throughout the biblical text and carries the fundamental meaning "to judge." This frequency indicates the concept's central importance in biblical discourse. The verb encompasses the full judicial process—from hearing cases and evaluating evidence to rendering decisions and implementing verdicts. The prevalence of this term across a substantial biblical corpus suggests that judgment, both human and divine, constituted a recurring and significant concern for the authors and communities that produced these texts. The sheer number of occurrences (202 instances) indicates that shaphat functioned as a standard Hebrew term for describing authoritative decision-making across multiple contexts—legal proceedings, governance, and divine action. The word's broad application across these domains suggests an underlying conceptual continuity: judgment as the exercise of authority to determine what is right or just in a given situation. Without access to detailed usage examples from the lexicon data provided, we cannot specify precisely how the meaning might shift between contexts, but the consistent choice of this single verb across diverse biblical narratives indicates it held sufficient semantic flexibility to serve as the primary vehicle for expressing judgment in ancient Hebrew.

Source data & methodology
Strong's
H8199
Lemma
שָׁפַט
Transliteration
sha.phat
Definition
to judge
Occurrences
202
Model
claude-haiku-4-5-20251001
Prompt version
1

AI synthesis uses only the lexicon data above as context — never training knowledge.

Occurrences in Scripture

202 total occurrences across the text — showing 50

2 Chronicles 20:12

Our God, will you not judge them? For we have no might against this great company that comes against us. We don’t know what to do, but our eyes are on you.”

2 Chronicles 22:8

When Jehu was executing judgment on Ahab’s house, he found the princes of Judah and the sons of the brothers of Ahaziah, serving Ahaziah, and killed them.

2 Chronicles 26:21

Uzziah the king was a leper to the day of his death, and lived in a separate house, being a leper; for he was cut off from Yahweh’s house. Jotham his son was over the king’s house, judging the people of the land.

Ezra 10:14

Now let our princes be appointed for all the assembly, and let all those who are in our cities who have married foreign women come at appointed times, and with them the elders of every city, and its judges, until the fierce wrath of our God is turned from us, until this matter is resolved.”

Job 9:15

Though I were righteous, yet I wouldn’t answer him. I would make supplication to my judge.

Job 9:24

The earth is given into the hand of the wicked. He covers the faces of its judges. If not he, then who is it?

Job 12:17

He leads counselors away stripped. He makes judges fools.

Job 21:22

“Shall any teach God knowledge, since he judges those who are high?

Job 22:13

You say, ‘What does God know? Can he judge through the thick darkness?

Job 23:7

There the upright might reason with him, so I should be delivered forever from my judge.

Psalms 2:10

Now therefore be wise, you kings. Be instructed, you judges of the earth.

Psalms 7:8

Yahweh administers judgment to the peoples. Judge me, Yahweh, according to my righteousness, and to my integrity that is in me.

Psalms 7:11

God is a righteous judge, yes, a God who has indignation every day.

Psalms 9:4

For you have maintained my just cause. You sit on the throne judging righteously.

Psalms 9:8

He will judge the world in righteousness. He will administer judgment to the peoples in uprightness.

Psalms 9:19

Arise, Yahweh! Don’t let man prevail. Let the nations be judged in your sight.

Psalms 10:18

to judge the fatherless and the oppressed, that man who is of the earth may terrify no more.

Psalms 26:1

Judge me, Yahweh, for I have walked in my integrity. I have trusted also in Yahweh without wavering.

Psalms 35:24

Vindicate me, Yahweh my God, according to your righteousness. Don’t let them gloat over me.

Psalms 37:33

Yahweh will not leave him in his hand, nor condemn him when he is judged.

Psalms 43:1

Vindicate me, God, and plead my cause against an ungodly nation. Oh, deliver me from deceitful and wicked men.

Psalms 50:6

The heavens shall declare his righteousness, for God himself is judge.

Psalms 51:4

Against you, and you only, I have sinned, and done that which is evil in your sight, so you may be proved right when you speak, and justified when you judge.

Psalms 58:1

Do you indeed speak righteousness, silent ones? Do you judge blamelessly, you sons of men?

Psalms 58:11

so that men shall say, “Most certainly there is a reward for the righteous. Most certainly there is a God who judges the earth.”

Psalms 67:4

Oh let the nations be glad and sing for joy, for you will judge the peoples with equity, and govern the nations on earth.

Psalms 72:4

He will judge the poor of the people. He will save the children of the needy, and will break the oppressor in pieces.

Psalms 75:2

When I choose the appointed time, I will judge blamelessly.

Psalms 75:7

But God is the judge. He puts down one, and lifts up another.

Psalms 82:1

God presides in the great assembly. He judges among the gods.

Psalms 82:2

“How long will you judge unjustly, and show partiality to the wicked?”

Psalms 82:3

“Defend the weak, the poor, and the fatherless. Maintain the rights of the poor and oppressed.

Psalms 82:8

Arise, God, judge the earth, for you inherit all of the nations.

Psalms 94:2

Rise up, you judge of the earth. Pay back the proud what they deserve.

Psalms 96:13

before Yahweh; for he comes, for he comes to judge the earth. He will judge the world with righteousness, the peoples with his truth.

Psalms 96:13

before Yahweh; for he comes, for he comes to judge the earth. He will judge the world with righteousness, the peoples with his truth.

Psalms 98:9

Let them sing before Yahweh, for he comes to judge the earth. He will judge the world with righteousness, and the peoples with equity.

Psalms 98:9

Let them sing before Yahweh, for he comes to judge the earth. He will judge the world with righteousness, and the peoples with equity.

Psalms 109:7

When he is judged, let him come out guilty. Let his prayer be turned into sin.

Psalms 109:31

For he will stand at the right hand of the needy, to save him from those who judge his soul.

Psalms 141:6

Their judges are thrown down by the sides of the rock. They will hear my words, for they are well spoken.

Psalms 148:11

kings of the earth and all peoples; princes and all judges of the earth;

Proverbs 8:16

By me princes rule, nobles, and all the righteous rulers of the earth.

Proverbs 29:9

If a wise man goes to court with a foolish man, the fool rages or scoffs, and there is no peace.

Proverbs 29:14

The king who fairly judges the poor, his throne shall be established forever.

Proverbs 31:9

Open your mouth, judge righteously, and serve justice to the poor and needy.”

Ecclesiastes 3:17

I said in my heart, “God will judge the righteous and the wicked; for there is a time there for every purpose and for every work.”

Isaiah 1:17

Learn to do well. Seek justice. Relieve the oppressed. Defend the fatherless. Plead for the widow.”

Isaiah 1:23

Your princes are rebellious and companions of thieves. Everyone loves bribes and follows after rewards. They don’t defend the fatherless, neither does the cause of the widow come to them.

Isaiah 1:26

I will restore your judges as at the first, and your counselors as at the beginning. Afterward you shall be called ‘The city of righteousness, a faithful town.’