תַּמְרוּק

# תַּמְרוּק (Tamruq): Biblical Cosmetics The Hebrew word *tamruq* refers to cosmetic substances or preparations used for personal beautification. Based on its four occurrences in the biblical text, this term designates a specific category of grooming products distinct from oils or perfumes, indicating that ancient Hebrew speakers recognized and named this particular class of personal care items. The limited frequency of *tamruq* in the biblical record—appearing only four times—suggests it held a defined but specialized place in Hebrew vocabulary. Rather than being a common everyday term, its rarity indicates that cosmetics occupied a particular niche in biblical society, perhaps associated with specific contexts or social practices. The fact that biblical authors chose to name this category explicitly demonstrates that cosmetic use was recognized and documented in ancient Judean culture. The existence and naming of this term reflects practical realities of ancient life: cosmetics were known substances that merited distinct terminology. However, the word's infrequency prevents detailed analysis of which specific preparations it encompassed, how they were applied, or the social attitudes surrounding their use. The data provides only confirmation that cosmetics existed as an identifiable category in biblical times, without revealing broader cultural significance or particular usage contexts.